The 2019 National Academy of Science, Engineering and Medicine Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) for Sodium (Na + ) and Potassium (K + ) Report concluded there remains insufficient evidence to establish a K + DRI. This study tested the hypothesis that reduced Na + and increased K + excretion will positively associate with lower blood pressure in salt sensitive (SS) and salt resistant (SR) participants in the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Sodium Trial (DASH–Sodium). Via the NHLBI BioLINCC we accessed the DASH-Sodium dataset for data on systolic blood pressure (SBP), 24-h urinary Na + and K + excretion at screening (regular patient diet; N = 186, SS N = 222 SR) and post DASH diet (N = 71 SS, N = 119 SR). The relationships between SBP, urinary Na + and K + excretion, and Na + /K + ratio were assessed via linear regression. At screening elevated urinary Na + excretion positively associated with SBP in SS (1 g increase in urinary Na + excretion = +1 0 ± 0.4 mmHg) but not SR participants, and urinary K + excretion http://www.datingranking.net/cs/christianmingle-recenze of <1 g K + /day was associated with higher SBP in SS and SR participants. Urinary K + excretion ?1 g/day, or a decreases in urinary Na + /K + ratio, was not associated with lower SBP. Post the DASH–sodium diet intervention, SBP was reduced in SS and SR participants. However, no correlation was observed between reduced SBP and urinary K + excretion or the urinary Na + /K + ratio irrespective of the salt sensitivity of blood pressure. Our data support the DRI recommendation not to establish a K + DRI and suggest further evidence is required to support a reduced Na + /K + ratio to lower SBP.

Inclusion

Blood pressure level, the best low-communicable condition international, signifies a serious in the world public ailment. According to research by the 2017 Western Heart Organization (AHA) guidance, the newest incidence from blood circulation pressure in our midst grownups are estimated as 46% ; at exactly the same time,

50% regarding hypertensive people are projected are sodium delicate (SS) . Due to the fact listed by the National Center to possess Chronic Disease Prevention and you will Wellness Campaign report

90% from American people consume too much diet salt (Na + ), which have an average daily practices surpassing 3400 milligrams during the mature United states boys, a respect nearly three times the fresh daily practices recommended of the AHA additionally the National Academy out-of Science, Engineering, and you will Treatments Fat reduction Resource Intakes (DRI) . Because too-much fat loss Na + intake, that drive the new sodium susceptibility from blood pressure level while increasing blood circulation pressure exposure, all over the world fat loss Na + intake is actually a public wellness exposure. The latest perception out-of fat loss Na + consumption towards blood pressure could have been examined from inside the several fat reduction intervention products producing facts that smaller slimming down salt intake within the managed settings leads to decreases when you look at the blood pressure level [6,seven,8]. Then, meta-analyses enjoys synchronised weight loss Na + maximum having reductions in the blood pressure recommending there clearly was a healthcare work for both in normotensive and you can hypertensive someone no matter the newest salt awareness of blood pressure [9, 10].

Association off urinary salt and you will potassium removal that have systolic blood circulation pressure regarding the Losing weight Approaches to Avoid Hypertension Sodium Trial

Recent evidence suggests the salt sensitivity of blood pressure may be modulated, in part, by dietary potassium (K + ) intake. Increasing dietary K + intake appears to counteract the effects of dietary Na + intake on increasing blood pressure [11,12,13]. Despite several studies that have documented blood pressure lowering effects of increasing K + intake, the 2019 National Academy of Science, Engineering, and Medicine DRI for sodium and potassium Report did not establish a DRI for K + . This report concluded that more evidence is required to support a DRI of K + with particular reference to a lack of K + dose-response trials limiting the evidence to establish a K + DRI . Several studies have reported that the urinary Na + :K + ratio has a stronger association with blood pressure than Na + or K + independently [14, 15]. Largely based on these data, a urinary Na + to K + molar ratio of <1 has been recommended [16, 17] as a beneficial target to improve long-term blood pressure control. Given the high global dietary Na + intake this would necessitate dietary, or other means, of K + supplementation-for which a DRI has not been established . A leading dietary intervention study was the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension 2 Trial (DASH-Sodium) conducted between 1997 and 2002 . The DASH-Sodium trial was a multicenter, randomized clinical trial that examined the impact of three levels dietary Na + intake in combination with either a control or DASH diet (rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products, and reduced in total fat) on blood pressure. This study demonstrated substantial effects of dietary Na + reduction and the DASH diet on reducing blood pressure, with more significant blood pressure lowering effects with the combination of a DASH diet plus dietary Na + reduction than dietary Na + restriction alone in individuals with higher than optimal blood pressure . Given that the DASH diet intervention elevated dietary K + intake by increasing dietary intake of fruits and vegetables in combination with modifying daily dietary Na + intake, examining the potential interaction between dietary Na + and K + intake on blood pressure in the DASH trial will provide valuable insight into the potential influence of dietary K + on blood pressure.